The invention relates to the technical field of mineral resource exploration, in particular to a solid mineral resource reserve estimation system based on a double-layer database, which comprises a data acquisition module, a double-layer database module, a data processing module and a reserve estimation module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for collecting original exploration data of mineral resources, including geological exploration information, underground rock stratum data and measurement data; the double-layer database module comprises a first-layer database and a second-layer database; the data processing module is used for processing the data to remove invalid or abnormal data; and the reserve estimation module is used for estimating the reserves of the mineral resources. According to the method, efficient management of mineral resource data, accurate reserve estimation and intelligent mining scheme generation are realized through a double-layer database and a geometric modeling technology, the accuracy and actual exploitability of reserve estimation are improved, and reliable decision support is provided for resource development.