The utility model discloses a real-time temperature measuring device for molten aluminum of a smelting furnace, which particularly relates to the field of temperature measurement of the smelting furnace and comprises an operation panel, a display screen is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the operation panel, control buttons are fixedly mounted at the bottom of the outer surface of the operation panel, and one side of the operation panel is in transmission connection with a transmission pipe. One side of the transmission pipe is movably connected with a temperature measuring frame, and the upper side and the lower side of an inner cavity of the temperature measuring frame are each fixedly provided with an anti-abrasion pad. According to the scheme, the temperature of each position in the smelting furnace is monitored in real time by arranging the multi-layer real-time temperature monitoring mechanism in the temperature measuring device, multi-layer temperature monitoring is achieved through cooperation between the multiple temperature testing rods and the sliding grooves, three of the temperature testing rods can move up and down in the sliding grooves, and therefore the temperature of the smelting furnace can be monitored in real time. The temperature of the smelting furnace at each position can be monitored, and the data can be displayed on the display screen in real time through the connected transmission electric wire, so that a worker can process the data and carry out other work.