The invention discloses a rapid temperature response system and method in the heating process of an aluminum mold, and relates to the technical field of aluminum molds, and the system can collect temperature response data in the heating process of the mold in real time by arranging a plurality of detection points on an infrared mold heating furnace and installing an integrated sensor group. The data are recorded in a work log through the temperature response data acquisition module, and are preprocessed and integrated by the data integration module to obtain a temperature response data set, and the temperature response data set is stored in a time sequence database. And the temperature prediction module dynamically calculates an adaptive coefficient Kadapt by using the data, so that the heating power Poptimal of the heating equipment is optimized. Through the real-time calculation and adjustment mechanism, the system can quickly respond to temperature changes, the time for the mold to reach the target temperature is remarkably shortened, and high precision of temperature control is ensured. Through the improvement, the production efficiency is improved, and the rejection rate caused by inaccurate temperature control is reduced.