The invention provides an oil and gas reservoir geological modeling method and system based on deep learning, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining multi-source typical geological data of different reservoirs according to the classification of a reservoir geological knowledge system, and inputting the data in a formulated storage data format; a geological knowledge management system is designed and established according to different types, dimensions and scale characteristic functions of data, a geological data knowledge base corresponding to a reservoir is constructed, mining of various geological knowledge information is carried out by using deep learning in combination with the constructed integrated digital outcrop, a training image library, a sample library and a prototype model data set are constructed, and the data are subjected to data processing. Creating a neural network structure, and designing a loss function to train a target neural network model, so as to generate a matched reservoir three-dimensional geologic model based on the earthquake and wellbore data of the required reservoir; the problems that in the prior art, sample data are difficult to obtain, and the accuracy of a geologic model is limited by the sample scale are solved, the sample library is enriched in a multi-level mode, and a basis is provided for high-quality convolutional neural network training.