The invention relates to the technical field of furnace tube heating, in particular to a furnace tube Heater heating control system based on a PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) control algorithm. The system comprises a temperature sensor used for collecting the temperature in the furnace tube in real time; the PID controller is used for receiving the temperature data of the temperature sensor, performing calculation according to the deviation between the set temperature and the actually measured temperature and outputting a control instruction; and the adjusting device is used for receiving a control instruction of the PID controller, adjusting the power of the heating element and realizing temperature control. According to the technical scheme, the fluctuation range of different temperature zones of the furnace body is +/-1 DEG C, and the temperature difference inside and outside the furnace body fluctuates by +/-0.1 DEG C; the precision and the stability of the heating control of the furnace tube Heater are obviously improved, and the temperature fluctuation is reduced.