The present invention relates to an aqueous inorganic flame retarding adhesive composition comprising: a main base including 20-30 wt% of sodium silicate, 12-17 wt% of potassium silicate, 7-12 wt% of aluminum silicate, and 3-5 wt% of lithium silicate; 5-10 wt% of an inorganic binder; 1-2 wt% of an antisettling agent; 1-2 wt% of a thixotropic agent; and 40-50 wt% of water. The present invention provides an eco-friendly and non-toxic aqueous inorganic flame retarding adhesive composition.