The invention provides an active source seismic exploration background noise suppression method and device based on deep learning, and is applied to the technical field of geoscience exploration seismic data processing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring background noise data and noisy seismic data of a target exploration area; performing fusion processing on the background noise data of the target exploration area and the seismic forward modeling data to obtain a training sample set; training a neural network model by adopting the training sample set to obtain a background noise suppression model; and inputting the noisy seismic data into the background noise suppression model to obtain a noise suppression result of the noisy seismic data, thereby improving the processing efficiency and reducing errors.