The invention provides a metallurgical furnace temperature monitoring method and monitoring system. The method comprises the following steps of S1, acquiring data of the furnace top temperature at thetop of a metallurgical furnace, data of the furnace middle temperature in the middle of the metallurgical furnace and data of the furnace bottom temperature at the bottom of the metallurgical furnacein a certain period of time, and respectively calculating an average temperature value and a temperature variance; S2, acquiring the real-time temperatures of different parts of the metallurgical furnace; S3, if the real-time temperatures of any parts do not exceed corresponding alarm threshold values, calculating early warning values Lv according to the real-time temperatures, the correspondingaverage temperature values and the corresponding temperature variances; and S4, generating different early warning signals according to different early warning values. According to the method and thesystem, the real-time temperature data of different parts of the metallurgical furnace are obtained, and are correlated with the average temperature values and the temperature variances to establish agrading early warning mechanism, and therefore, the situations of false alarm and missing alarm are avoided.