The invention discloses a metallurgical furnace monitoring system, which comprises a cooling circulating water monitoring subsystem, a refractory brick monitoring subsystem and a furnace body wall temperature monitoring subsystem, wherein the cooling circulating water monitoring subsystem comprises a plurality of integrated temperature flow sensors and a first signal acquisition module; the integrated temperature flow sensors are all arranged on a cooling circulating water assembly of the metallurgical furnace and connected with the first signal acquisition module, the refractory brick monitoring subsystem comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and a second signal acquisition module, the temperature sensors are all arranged on refractory bricks of the metallurgical furnace; the plurality of temperature sensors are connected with the second signal acquisition module, the furnace body wall temperature monitoring subsystem comprises a plurality of thermodetectors and a video switch, the plurality of thermodetectors are arranged on the outer side of the metallurgical furnace in the circumferential direction of the metallurgical furnace, and the plurality of thermodetectors are connected with the video switch. The metallurgical furnace monitoring system can improve the operation safety of the furnace body.